Monaco is widely believed to be a “country for millionaires,” a tax haven, the safest place to live. Its mild Mediterranean climate, favorable geographical location (major European cities are just a few hours’ drive away) and business conditions have made the principality a universal magnet.
This compact state, however, obeys quite strict rules. What are its specifics? Who makes the decisions here? Who does the power belong to? How does it impact the daily lives of its residents, and why is France so involved in Monaco’s affairs?
The Princely government structure
Dating back to the 13th century and named after François Grimaldi, the ruling dynasty in Monaco is one of the oldest in Europe. Unlike many other European monarchies, the Prince plays a key role in the state affairs – appointing the government, approving the laws, representing the country on an international scale.
Learn more about the official visits of Prince Albert II and the public life of the princely family on the Princely Palace website. The government’s Instagram account is another precious source of news. Rare archival footage is also regularly posted there.
National Council
Monaco has a constitutional hereditary monarchy. Formally, the power is divided between the Prince and the parliament (the National Council) consisting of 24 members, passing the laws and approving the budget. The laws are only enforced, however, upon the Prince’s approval.
The members of the National Council are elected by a universal suffrage based on the lists provided. It is chaired by the President. Originally appointed by the Prince, since 1962 he has been elected by the fellow members. As of 2024, it is Thomas Brezzo.
The Council meets at least twice a year to vote on the state budget and bills proposed by the government, and the decisions are made by a majority vote.
Government
The Monaco Government is the main executive body, making the decisions affecting the daily life of the Principality—implementing the laws, allocating the budget, governing the country. Since 2025, it is presided by Minister of State, Christophe-Jacques-Pierre Mirmand. Interestingly, appointed by the Prince, he also needs to be traditionally approved by France.
Since historically the Principality has had close ties with its neighbor, it is enshrined in the law. With Monaco maintaining its sovereignty, France is responsible for Monaco’s defense, foreign policy coordination, is involved in its economy and transport.
The Monaco government is represented by: Minister of the Interior, Minister of Finance and Economy, Minister of Social Affairs, Minister of Infrastructure and Environment, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation.
Monaco Courts
The Principality is ruled by Courts of first instance, Courts of appeal and the Supreme Court (for the constitutional disputes) all closely linked to the administrative structure and operating within a framework of a strict legal control, particularly, in the financial sphere.
Unless it compromises privacy, confidentiality or the state security, court hearings in Monaco are open to public. The most high-profile cases thus often become public knowledge.
Town Hall
With its territory of just over 2 square kilometers, the Principality has only one town hall responsible for the urban infrastructure, social services, cultural and public life.
The municipality is regularly hosting free city festivals, concerts, exhibitions, charity events and activities – its weekly schedule can be found on the official website.
