The fifteenth century saw many of the foundations put in place that would ensure Monaco’s survival over the next 500 years — not only survival, but most importantly, recognition as an independent country. Monaco has always been surrounded by large powerful states.
Rainier II became Lord of Monaco on June 29, 1352, and at first ruled alongside his father Charles I, his brother Gabriele et great-uncle Lord Antonio. Around the same time, in 1350, Jean II was crowned King of France.



