Two hundred and ten years ago, on 20 November 1815, the Second Parisian Peace Treaty was signed between France and the anti-French coalition allies (Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, Russia). An end was thus put to the Napoleonic Wars having claimed at least three million lives.
Can one imagine the contemporary history of Monaco without France? For more than 160 years, the destiny of the Principality and its neighbour has been bound by a unique pact, forged in mutual respect, cooperation and closeness.


